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La question
Lecteur superutilisateur Jonathan est curieux des différences matérielles entre les tablettes et les ordinateurs portables. Il écrit:
I’m curious why a tablet doesn’t need fans but all laptops do, even the cheap and less powerful netbooks. I thought at first it would be that the screen on a tablet is smaller than a laptop, so the graphics chip doesn’t have to be as powerful and so doesn’t generate as much heat. But then the new iPads have retina display which have a much bigger resolution than most laptops.
Then I thought maybe it’s because tablets don’t multitask like laptops can, but some Android tablets can have 2 (at least) apps open at once, and even jailbroken iPads can. While some low end netbooks struggle to run a web browser and word processor.
If you attach a keyboard to tablet you have a laptop, so why do laptops seem to generate disproportionate amounts of heat?
Is the difference between ARM and Intel/AMD chips? If so what is it about the different chip designs that make Intel/AMD produce so much more heat than ARM chips?
Voyons ce que tout le monde a à dire sur la division matérielle entre les deux.
La réponse
Joel Coehoorn, contributeur à SuperUser, offre cette description de la division:
Tablets don’t need fans because their CPUs (processors) have a different architecture that is more power efficient and doesn’t generate as much waste heat. This is also why they are able to get 10 hours of run-time on a relatively small battery.
The other side of this, though, is that the tablet processor is no where near as powerful as a laptop processor, even cheap netbooks. This is why, for example, nearly all tablet operating systems absolutely prevent you from running more than one app at a time, and strictly limit what kinds of tasks apps are able to do in the background.
We are seeing some rapid convergence, though… tablet processors are closing the performance gap with each generation, and chip designers are also working to make laptop/desktop processors more and more power efficient.
Chetan Bhargava met en évidence certains facteurs matériels supplémentaires qui contribuent à la chaleur:
There are three heat generation points in a laptop:
1. Processor 2. Chipset 3. Graphics 4. Power regulators
1-3 of the above subsystems work at very high speeds. Because these subsystems are clocked so high, the power requirement is very high. High speed and hi power requirements generate a lot of heat in Si. Also, these subsystems use PCIe to communicate and PCIe needs to be clocked to a certain frequency to operate. Multiple PCIe lanes originate from the chipset therefore increasing the power usage and generating heat.
Tablets don’t use high end processors or graphic subsystems. Most of them use ARM core that was developed for embedded market. Such processors don’t use special chipsets or PCIe bus and are not clocked at high speeds as the laptop processors. Hence they don’t generate as much heat.
Enfin, il convient de noter que tous les ordinateurs portables ne sont pas équipés de ventilateurs de refroidissement. La plupart des Ultrabooks de la génération actuelle ont un facteur de forme extrêmement petit, des composants à faible consommation (comme les disques SSD) et utilisent des techniques de dissipation de la chaleur qui ne dépendent pas des ventilateurs.
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